Pierre shale.
Styxosaurus was a large elasmosaur, with a long neck measuring about 5.25 metres (17.2 ft) in total. [4] [7] It reached 10.5 metres (34 ft) in length and 2.3 metric tons (2.5 short tons) in body mass. [8] [a] Its sharp teeth were conical and were adapted to puncture and hold rather than to cut; like other plesiosaurs, Styxosaurus swallowed its ...
Martin L. D., Tate, Jr. J. T. (1967) A Hesperornis from the Pierre Shale, Proceedings of the 79th Annual Meeting, Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 40 Russell D. A. (1975) A new species of Globidens from South Dakota, and a review of the globidentine mosasaurs, Fieldiana Geology 33 13, 235-256Detailed palynological analysis of depositional environments in carbonaceous shales and marlstones in the Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) interval of the Cretaceous Western Interior seaway indicates that: (1) dinoflagellate species diversity, (2) ratio of Spiniferites to Cyclonephelium (S/C ratio), and (3) depositional organic facies are …The marine Pierre shale, of Late Cretaceous age, on the northern and western flanks of the Black Hills, consists of dark gray shale with some sandy shale and sandstone, and many beds of bentonite. It ranges in thickness from 2,000 to 2,700 feet.Paleotemperatures based on vitrinite reflectance of shales and limestones in igneous dike aureoles in the Upper Cretaceous Pierre shale, Walsenburg, Colorado J.G. Woodward , F.F. Meissner , J.L. Clayton (Eds.) , Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the Greater Rocky Mountain Region , Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists ( 1984 ) , pp. 387 - 392
Carpenter, K. (2008). Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation) and the Sharon Springs Member (Pierre Shale). In High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology (pp. 421-437). Springer Netherlands. Eaton, G. F. (1910). Osteology of Pteranodon. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memoirs.However, Pierre shale, like most sedimentary rocks, can be taken to be transversely isotropic. Such a material has one set of properties in the plane of the bedding and a different set of properties normal to the plane of the bedding. In the present treatment, planes parallel to the x, xZ plane are taken as the plane of the bedding, and ...Pierre Shale, division of Upper Cretaceous rocks in the United States (the Cretaceous Period lasted from about 146 million to 65.5 million years ago). Named for exposures studied near old Fort Pierre, S.D., the Pierre Shale occurs in South Dakota, Montana, Colorado, Minnesota, New Mexico, Wyoming,
Pierre Shale, division of Upper Cretaceous rocks in the United States (the Cretaceous Period lasted from about 146 million to 65.5 million …@article{osti_1914908, title = {Data-assimilated time-lapse visco-acoustic full-waveform inversion: Theory and application for injected CO2 plume monitoring}, author = {Huang, Chao and Zhu, Tieyuan and Xing, Guangchi}, abstractNote = {Continuous seismic monitoring for quantifying CO2 plume migration and detection of any potential leakages …
Pierre Shale. Beecher Island Shale Member. Salt Grass Shale Member. Lake Creek Shale Member. Weskan Shale Member. Sharon Springs Shale Member. Colorado Group. Niobrara Chalk. Smoky Hill Chalk Member. Fort Hays Limestone Member. Carlile Shale. Codell Sandstone Member. Blue Hill Shale Member. Fairport Chalk Member. Greenhorn …The Pierre Shale formation, that lies above the Morrison formation, does contain marine fossils, and so lies the problem. How could Boulder be covered in water during the time of the Pierre shale, but have terrestrial dinosaurs roaming its lands just 64 million years before? My theory is that an in-land body of water covered Boulder during the ...In subsurface, Shannon sand bodies are encased in shale which provides a seal for stratigraphic traps from which oil is produced at several oil fields including Heldt Draw, Hartzog Draw, and Teapot Dome. Equivalent to Groat Sandstone Bed of Gammon Ferruginous Member of Pierre Shale in eastern part of basin. Thickness of Shannon reservoirs are 2 ...Bishop, G.A. & Williams, A.B. (2000) Fossil crabs from Tepee Buttes, submarine seeps of the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, South Dakota and Colorado, U.S.A. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20 (Special Number, 2), 286-300. Bittner, A. (1875) Die Brachyuren des vicentinischen Tertiargebirges. Denkschriften der mathematisch …
For example, cheilostomate bryozoans exist at many levels of the Pierre Shale in the United States and in the Bearpaw Formation in the South Saskatchewan River valley (Gill and Cobban, 1966, Caldwell, 1968), and boring sponges, corals, calcareous worms of various kinds, and shrimp and lobster parts are found at several localities in the …
The most diverse assemblage of fossils ever found in the Pierre Shale in North Dakota is located in Griggs County about 8 miles southeast of Cooperstown. The most well-known is the mosasaur that was found on this site and now resides in the North Dakota Heritage Center in Bismarck. There are more links to additional information on the ...
Northwest-sourced Riding Mountain sediments possess the highest ε Nd and lowest 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, closely resembling the composition of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale (Premo, 1992), though an influence of felsic- to intermediate-Proterozoic volcanic rocks of the Trans-Hudson orogen is also potentially consistent with this signature (Fig. 5). Superior ...Brule Formation. The Brule Formation was deposited between 33 and 30 million years ago, roughly the Rupelian age ( Oligocene ). [2] It occurs as a subunit of the White River Formation in Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming . It is a sequence of fine grained clastic rocks ( claystones, mudstones, siltstones) interbedded ...The Fort Morgan 7.5′ quadrangle is located on the semiarid plains of northeastern Colorado, along the South Platte River corridor where the river has incised into Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The Pierre Shale is largely covered by surficial deposits that formed from alluvial, eolian, and hillslope processes operating in concert with environmental changes from the late Pliocene to the present.Shale is a rock that has been formed from the compression of mud over time. Some black shale contains organic compounds that can be converted to oil or natural gas. Other colors of shale are crushed and mixed with water to create clay.Most of the Pierre Shale exposures in East-central North Dakota are of the DeGrey Member. The most obvious feature of this member is a large amount of iron manganese carbonate concretions. The few fossils I find in the Pierre here are usually in these worn concretions. The first fossils I found didn't come from the Pierre at all but came from ...Underneath the Pierre Shale is the Dakota Sandstone, which is a source of water near the outcrop/subcrop areas on the western limb of the basin. In their respective outcrop areas, Denver Basin aquifers are unconfined (under water table conditions), whereas in the deeper parts of the basin, the aquifers become confined due to intervening layers ...
Nebraska Gov. Pete Ricketts announced the plan Monday during a press conference in which he claimed the state needs to protect its rights to South Platte River water by pulling the trigger on a ...Introduction to experimental characterization of shale. Shale, a fine-grained, clastic rock found in sedimentary basins, generally comprises highly compacted clay particles along …The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, collected borehole geophysical data and completed simple aquifer tests to estimate the thickness and hydraulic properties of surficial deposits. The purpose of data collection was to create generalized contour maps of Pierre Shale elevation and surficial deposit thickness within and near Ellsworth Air ...The most diverse assemblage of fossils ever found in the Pierre Shale in North Dakota is located in Griggs County about 8 miles southeast of Cooperstown. The most well-known is the mosasaur that was found on this site and now resides in the North Dakota Heritage Center in Bismarck. There are more links to additional information on the ...The reasons for choosing Mancos shale are as follows: (1) Shale is deeply buried in China, and the existing cutting force models are insufficient to predict the cutting force of deep shale; (2) Mancos shale does not have as many clay grains as Pierre shale, for which the matrix completely collapses as long as the total bottom hole pressure ...The most diverse assemblage of fossils ever found in the Pierre Shale in North Dakota is located in Griggs County about 8 miles southeast of Cooperstown. The most well-known is the mosasaur that was found on this site and now resides in the North Dakota Heritage Center in Bismarck. There are more links to additional information on the ...
The Pierre Shale is a marine deposit that accumulated in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the onset of Laramide tectonism in the southern Rocky Mountains region. In the eastern part ...Comparative analysis of niche environments like methane cold seeps in the WIS is limited by the temporally and spatially constrained distribution of seep environments in the Campanian Pierre Shale. Thus, there are few studies focusing on foraminiferal assemblages from either seep or non-seep deposits within the Pierre Shale (e.g., Mello, …
Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) at surface, covers < 0.1 % of this area. Blue-gray to dark-gray, fissile to blocky shale with persistent beds of bentonite, black organic shale, and light-brown chalky shale. Contains minor sandstone, conglomerate, and abundant carbonate and ferruginous concretions. Thickness up to 1,000 ft (305 m).the Pierre Shale and Equivalent Clay Shales Comparison of Estimates of Maximum Past Overburden for the Pierre Shale at Hayes, South Dakota Discrepancy-Ratio Data for H2 and H12 Percent Carbonate (by volume) for Pierre Shale Samples from Core Site H12. near Hayes, South Dakota vi i PAGE 28 61 70 77 78 80 91The Cretaceous shale bedrock is mainly the Pierre Shale and Niobrara Formations. This shale is relatively friable (i.e., low strength) and fluvial processes, coupled with freeze–thaw and wetting–drying cycles, quickly break down this material into fine-grained sediment.The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, collected borehole geophysical data and completed simple aquifer tests to estimate the thickness and hydraulic properties of surficial deposits. The purpose of data collection was to create generalized contour maps of Pierre Shale elevation and surficial deposit thickness within and near Ellsworth Air ...Pierre shale: Measured elastic properties are listed in Table 4 while mineralogy and porosity are mentioned in section 2.1 in Szewczyk et al. (2019). D2, B3, and B4 shales: Restrictions apply to the general availability of the Data from SINTEF that support the results of this study (D2, B3, and B4 shales), which were generated under the ...The Pierre Shale is a dark gray marine shale that serves as a regional confining unit within the study area. Overlying the Pierre Shale is the Fox Hills Formation, a Cretaceous-age fine to medium-grained sandstone and shale.The Pierre Shale consists of interbedded marine shale and sandstone representing nearly continuous marine sedimentation during Late Cretaceous time. The Pierre Shale and time-equivalent marine units in the western interior United States contain 28 ammonite range zones. The ammonites show such rapid evolution and such wide geographic extent that their range zones are useful for time-stratigraphic c
Archelon is an extinct marine turtle from the Late Cretaceous, and is the largest sea turtle ever to have been documented, with the biggest specimen measuring 460 cm (15 ft) from head to tail, 400 cm (13 ft) from flipper to flipper, and 2,200 kg (4,900 lb) in weight. It is known only from the Dakota Pierre Shale and has one species, A. ischyros.
Fig. 3--A fresh exposure of lower Pierre-upper Niobrara lithology at location A. The bentonite beds marking the basal Pierre can be seen near the center of the picture. At least 24 separate bentonite beds are exposed in the Pierre Shale from the center to the top of the picture.
Pierre Shale--Upper unit. Ogallala Fm (Tertiary) at surface, covers 24 % of this area. Loose to well-cemented sand and gravel. Older gravels and alluviums (Quaternary) at surface, covers 10 % of this area. Includes Slocum, Verdos, Rocky Flats, and Nussbaum Alluviums in east, and Florida, Bridgetimber, and Bayfield Gravels in southwest.Pierre Shale. The "base" of the Niobrara NSR is Pierre Shale, a gray to black rock that is difficult to see in the western half of the river. Those who visit the eastern half of the river, which is much more difficult to float, may see dark bluffs of the rock. It is also visible if you drive to the intersection of Highway 7 and the river.Bonnerichthys and generically indeterminate pachycormiform material from the Pierre Shale Group of the Western Interior Seaway. A–D, UNSM 88507, Sharon Springs Formation (middle Campanian ...The studies indicate that repeated uplift and subsidence may have been the cause of extensive faulting mapped in the Pierre Shale since its deposition in Cretaceous time. Surficial fault displacements that cause damage to engineered structures are thought to be the result of construction-induced rebound in the Pierre Shale, although tectonic ...the Pierre Shale in the Kremmling area and to correlate the formation to the east near Boulder, Colo., and to the west near Hamilton, Colo., by way of Fish Creek (fig. 1). The Pierre in Middle Park is separated from the Pierre of the Great Plains and from Cretaceous rocks of western Colorado by the uplifted Precambrian crys ...The Pierre Shale, one of the earliest described lithologic units of the Western Interior, was deposited during the late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian stages) and is primarily a sequence of organic-rich black and grey shales and interbedded bentonites, most of which formed under relatively anoxic marine conditions (Crandell, 1952, Gill ...The Denver Basin aquifer system is composed of Late Cretaceous to Tertiary-age sandstone bedrock aquifers and intervening claystone confining units that occur in the uppermost layers of the structural Denver Basin above the Cretaceous Pierre Shale confining layer.PIERRE Clayey shale 29 105 0.2762 PIERRE Sandstone and shale 13 105 0.1238 A rough approximation of MLRA membership has been computed by taking the intersection of all map unit polygons and current MLRA polygons. Membership values are based on intsersecting areas weighted by component percentage divided by total soil …
Pierre Seaway and Regional Stratigraphy The Pierre Shale was deposited in a seaway that extended from northern New Mexico to South Dakota (e.g., Weimer, 1960;McGookey et al., 1972;Williams and ...Economic geology. The Vermejo Formation is an historically important coal-bearing formation. Mining began in 1870 in the rich Raton coal bed near the base of the Vermejo Formation. [5] The bed contained bituminous coals of coking quality. These were being extensively exploited by 1924 [4] but the beds were largely exhausted by 1965.The accuracy of the numerical solution is verified against an analytical solution in a homogeneous medium. An example shows that the proposed wave equation describes the constant-Q attenuation and velocity dispersion behaviour observed in Pierre Shale. Finally, we consider a plane-layer model and the Marmousi model to show how the new ...The Pierre Shale, Fox Hills Sandstone, and Laramie Formation yield as much as 300 gpm (gallons per minute) to artesian wells. The White River Group of Oligocene age generally yields about 30 gpm to wells but yields larger amounts in places where it is highly fractured. The Pliocene Ogallala Formation yields as much as 50 gpm to wells across the ...Instagram:https://instagram. kansas vs. seton hallciv 6 best map typegary gouldevan maxwell A geotechnical investigation of the Pierre Shale near Hayes, South Dakota, was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey as a basis for evaluating problems in ...The Gammon Ferruginous Member of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale is present in hundreds of oilwells in southwestern Manitoba, where it reaches a maximum ... bandh photo order statusbig 12 swimming The Pierre shale has been stated to contain 70-80% clay, of which about 80% is mixed-layer smectite-illite (Neuzil 1993). Our first steps involve characterizing porosity and permeability of shale ... ploughshares into swords The Pierre Shale, which is divided into identifiable sedimentary beds called members, also contains abundant fossils of numerous species of ammonites, ancestors of the chambered nautilus. The fossils, when combined with geologic mapping, allow the various exposed sections of the Pierre Shale to be pieced together in their proper relative ...General Information. Title: The Red Bird section of the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale in Wyoming Author(s): Gill, J.R., and Cobban, W.A. Publishing Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Series and Number: Professional Paper 393-A Larger Work: Stratigraphy, paleontology, and sedimentation of a classic reference locality of the Pierre Shale